Words
DICTIONARY
Many terms are frequently used in the field of materials testing; explore the definitions of these terms.
Heat treatment process to soften materials.
A material whose properties vary with direction.
Changes in material properties over time.
Sudden and complete failure of a material with little or no prior plastic deformation.
Tendency of a material to fracture without significant deformation.
A microstructure formed in steel by heat treatment between pearlite and martensite.
Sudden and rapid fracture without significant plastic deformation.
Slow, time-dependent deformation of a material under constant load or stress.
The ability of a material to withstand loads that reduce the size of the material.
Repeated application of loads on a material, which can cause fatigue failure over time.
Material's ability to withstand deterioration by chemical reactions.
The rate at which creep deformation occurs over time under constant load.
Material degradation due to cyclic loading and corrosion.
Surface hardening process by introducing carbon into the surface layer of a metal.
Ability to withstand deterioration by chemical reactions.
Resistance to deformation under constant load.
Material failure due to cyclic loading in a corrosive environment.
Rate of material deformation under constant load.
Iron-carbon alloy with a carbon content between 0.05% and 2.1%.
Process of hardening only the surface of a metal.
Formation of vapor cavities in a liquid.
Material made from two or more constituent materials.
Force required to break a material.
Ability of a material to undergo significant plastic deformation before rupture.
Material property that dissipates energy and reduces vibrations.
Imperfection or irregularity in the arrangement of atoms in a crystal lattice.
Measure of a material's ability to absorb vibrations.
A defect in the crystal structure of a material.
Measure of a material's stiffness or rigidity.
The maximum stress a material can endure without permanent deformation.
Reversible deformation of a material under applied stress within its elastic limit.
The increase in the length of a material under tensile stress.
Composition at which a mixture of materials melts at the lowest temperature.
Microscopic examination using electron beams.
Assessing the behavior of materials under cyclic loading.
Measure of a material's resistance to crack propagation.
Maximum stress a material can endure without failure under cyclic loading.
Crack formation and propagation due to cyclic loading.
A solid-state welding process that generates heat through friction.
Damage caused by repeated small movements between surfaces.
Resistance of a material to cyclic loading.
Progression of cracks due to cyclic loading.
Number of cycles a material endures before failure.
Surface resulting from material failure.
Maximum stress a material can endure without failure.
An imperfection in a material that may affect its performance.
Crack formation due to repeated loading of a material.
Number of loading cycles a material can endure.
Interface between two grains in a polycrystalline material.
Size of individual grains in a polycrystalline material.
Increase in grain size in a material.
Reduction in grain size in a material.
The interface where different grains in a material meet.
Resistance of a material to surface indentation or abrasion.
Methods used to determine the hardness of a material, often involving indentation or scratching.
Energy loss and heat generation due to cyclic loading and unloading of a material.
Material forming processes performed at elevated temperatures.
Depth and distribution of hardness in a material.
Process of heating and cooling materials.
Methods to determine the hardness of a material.
Forming or shaping a material at high temperatures.
Evaluation of a material's behavior under sudden loading or impact.
Energy absorbed by a material upon impact.
Particles or substances trapped in a material during solidification.
A material with uniform properties in all directions.
Assessment of hardenability in steels.
Layered structure in materials.
Hardness measurement over a larger area using indentation or scratching.
Hardness measurement on a small scale, often using microscopy.
Material's ability to deform under compression without rupturing.
Study of a material's structure using microscopy and analysis.
A metastable phase formed during rapid quenching of steel.
Weakening of a material under cyclic loading.
Structure of a material visible under a microscope.
A hard, brittle microstructure in steel after rapid cooling.
Overall structure of a material visible to the naked eye.
Study of the structure of metals and alloys.
The susceptibility of a material to stress concentrations at notches or defects.
Ability of a material to resist fracture in the presence of stress concentrators.
Narrowing of a material under tensile stress before fracture.
Formation of small particles in a material.
A surface imperfection in a material.
Reaction between a material and oxygen causing surface deterioration.
Irreversible deformation of a material under applied stress beyond its elastic limit.
Presence of voids or pores in a material, affecting its strength and integrity.
The stress required to produce a specific amount of plastic deformation.
Change in material structure due to temperature or pressure.
A mixture of ferrite and cementite in steel, often seen as lamellar structures.
Irreversible change in shape due to stress.
Presence of voids or pores in a material.
Graph showing the relationships between phases in a material.
Rapid cooling of a material to increase hardness.
Rapid cooling of a material after heating.
The maximum stress a material can withstand before rupturing.
Formation of new grains in a material due to heat treatment.
Capacity of a material to absorb energy upon deformation.
Formation of new grains in a material.
Stress present in a material without any applied load.
Capacity of a material to absorb energy.
The maximum resistance of a material to shear stress before rupturing.
The speed at which a material is deformed, often affecting its mechanical properties.
Graphical representation showing material behavior under stress.
Recovery of material shape after deformation due to elastic properties.
Increase in material hardness due to plastic deformation.
Area in a material where stress is higher than the average.
Increase in material strength due to plastic deformation.
Susceptibility of stainless steel to corrosion.
Rate at which a material undergoes deformation.
Exceptional ability of some materials to deform extensively.
The maximum stress a material can endure while being stretched or pulled before failing or breaking.
Ability of a material to absorb energy and deform plastically before fracture.
Heat treatment process to increase toughness and reduce brittleness.
Ability of a material to conduct heat.
Crystallographic defect where parts of a crystal mirror each other.
Ability of a material to absorb energy without fracturing.
Heat treatment process to reduce brittleness in materials.
Martensite tempered at elevated temperatures.
Formation of mirror-image atomic structures in crystals.
Maximum stress a material can withstand.
Annealing process carried out in a vacuum environment.
Increase in material hardness and strength due to plastic deformation.
Ease with which a material can be welded.
Imperfections occurring during the welding process.
Strengthening of a material due to plastic deformation.
Ease with which a material can be worked or shaped.
The stress at which a material begins to deform plastically
A measure of a material's stiffness under tension or compression in the elastic region.
Point on a stress-strain curve where deformation becomes noticeable.
Measure of a material's stiffness.
Point on a stress-strain curve where material begins to deform plastically.